La commande dpkg permet de manipluler les paquet Debian ou  Ubuntu.

Quelques exemples :

Pour lister tous les paquets installés ou non :

$ dpkg -l

qui donne pour le début en tout cas :

||/ Nom                                           Version                                          Architecture Description
+++-==============================================================================================-============-============
ii  a11y-profile-manager-indicator                0.1.10-0ubuntu3                                  amd64        Accessibility Profile Manager - Unity desktop indicator
ii  accountsservice                                              0.6.40-2ubuntu11.3                             amd64        query and manipulate user account information
ii  acl                                                                        2.2.52-3                                                    amd64        Access control list utilities
ii  acpi-support                                                    0.142                                                        amd64        scripts for handling many ACPI events
ii  acpid                                                                  1:2.0.26-1ubuntu2                                amd64        Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon
ii  adapta-gtk-theme                                         3.92.1.43-0ubuntu1~xenial1             all          Adapta Gtk+ Theme
ii  add-apt-key                                                     1.0-0.5                                                      all          Command line tool to add GPG keys to the APT keyring
ii  adduser                                       3.113+nmu3ubuntu4                                               all          ......

Pour lister les paquets installés sur votre machine :

$ dpkg --get-selections

Pour lister les paquets installés concernant le logiciel Némo :

$ dpkg --get-selections|grep nemo

Autre solution :

$ apt list --installed

qui donne :

a11y-profile-manager-indicator/xenial,now 0.1.10-0ubuntu3 amd64  [installé, automatique]
accountsservice/xenial-updates,now 0.6.40-2ubuntu11.3 amd64  [installé, automatique]
acl/xenial,now 2.2.52-3 amd64  [installé, automatique]
acpi-support/xenial,now 0.142 amd64  [installé, automatique]
acpid/xenial,now 1:2.0.26-1ubuntu2 amd64  [installé, automatique]
adapta-gtk-theme/now 3.92.1.43-0ubuntu1~xenial1 all [installed,upgradable to: 3.92.1.47-0ubuntu1~xenial1]
add-apt-key/xenial,xenial,now 1.0-0.5 all  [installé]
adduser/xenial,xenial,now 3.113+nmu3ubuntu4 all  [installé]
adium-theme-ubuntu/xenial-updates,xenial-updates,now 0.3.4-0ubuntu1.1 all  [installé, automatique]

Fait le 04/07/2014